Against for Profit Prisons

GE 217 Against revenue driven penitentiaries Prisons for benefit have an unexpected crucial comparison to open detainment facilities, they should win income. This implies they have a characteristic enthusiasm for guaranteeing detainment facilities remain filled, even at the taxpayer’s cost. At the point when a state government goes into an agreement with a private jail organization, it lawfully ties the citizen to pay the organization a specific dollar sum for every prisoner every day. This has prompted over imprisonment and brutality at private offices across the country. The connection among penitentiaries and private industry is certainly not an ongoing advancement, but instead goes back to our nation’s origin.In the pilgrim time frame, imprisonment was a seldom used type of discipline. Recently shaped governments, unequipped to house hoodlums, looked to private prison guards to give confinement administrations. Toward the start of the nineteenth century, by means of enactment or private agreements, a few states rented jail work to private endeavors. In different states, private associations applied unlimited authority over the jail work. (Robbins, 1989) Prison packing has developed into a basic social issue. Per capita the United States detains a greater number of people than some other industrialized country in the world.Studies show that private offices perform gravely contrasted with open ones on pretty much every occurrence from counteraction of intra-jail savagery, prison conditions, and recovery effortsâ€except decreasing state spending plans and adding to the corporate primary concern. To keep their money making machine moving, private jail organizations need a couple of things from state and neighborhood government. * Lots of individuals captured and indicted (regularly of basically harmless violations) and given long sentences. This most intensely impacts youthful dark malesâ€about one of every nine of whom is in jail, numerous for utilizing or selling weed, or, less significantly, harder medications. In spite of the fact that whites have equivalent medication use rates, their arraignment rates are drastically lower. ) * Opposition to the decriminalization of medication use, which would cut forcefully into jail industry benefits. (Therefore, it isn’t going to occur. ) * The proceeded with criminalization and detainment of undocumented outsiders. Louisiana is the world's jail capital. The state detains a greater amount of its kin, per head, than any of its U. S. partners. Which makes America first among the world? Louisiana's imprisonment rate is almost triple Iran's, multiple times China's and multiple times Germany's.One in 86 grown-up Louisianans is doing time, about twofold the national normal. Furthermore, for African †Americans from New Orleans, 1 out of 14 is in jail, parole or waiting on the post trial process. (Bread cook, 2012) The concealed motor behind the state's all around oiled ja il machine is chilly, hard money. A dominant part of Louisiana prisoners are housed in revenue driven offices, which must be provided with a steady convergence of individuals or a $182 million industry will fail. A few homegrown private jail organizations order a cut of the market. In any case, in an exceptionally Louisiana turn, most jail business people are rustic sheriffs, who hold gigantic influence in remote parishes.A great part of Louisiana law requirement is financed with dollars legitimately skimmed off the highest point of jail tasks. On the off chance that the detainee check plunges, sheriffs drain cash. Their constituents lose positions. The jail hall guarantees this doesn't occur by obstructing about each change that could bring about less individuals in the slammer. In the interim, prisoners remain alive in no frills conditions with barely any projects to give them a superior took shots at turning out to be profitable residents. Every prisoner is worth $24. 39 every da y in state cash, and sheriffs exchange them like ponies, emptying a couple of additional items on a partner who has openings.A jail framework that rented its convicts as manor work during the 1800s has turned up at ground zero and is again a nexus for benefit. In Louisiana, a double cross vehicle robber can get 24 years without the chance for further appeal. A trio of medication feelings can be sufficient to land you at the Louisiana State Penitentiary at Angola for an amazing remainder. (Chang, 2012) For benefit detainment facilities regularly attempt to streamline, yet even the best run organizations have come to perceive that working with excessively little or ineffectively prepared staff can mean something bad, and specialists state authorities must give close consideration to the degree of administrations being provided.Even if private †jail enterprises prevail with regards to reducing expenses, there is probably not going to be adequate rivalry in some random network to g uarantee that the investment funds bring about decreased government spending plans for adjustments. There is a considerable probability that administration contracts with jail enterprises will completely ensure neither the interests of the open nor the jail detainees. (Hogan, 2006) Studies show that private offices perform seriously when contrasted with open ones on pretty much every occurrence from the counteraction of intra-jail viciousness, prison conditions, and recovery ffortsâ€except decreasing state financial plans and adding to the corporate primary concern. A 2004 report found that private detainment facilities had 50 percent more detainee on prisoner attacks and right around 50 percent more prisoner on staff ambushes. Private jail organizations cut expenses by recruiting less expensive, lower talented staff and less of them. The outcome is an endless loop where ineffectively prepared and inadequately restrained prison guards are incapibable of satisfactorily reacting to jail crises. Jail security conditions weaken, and more staff quit, expanding the turnover rate.There is likewise not exactly sufficient clinical consideration for detainees, in some outrageous cases hospitals are frequently shut certain occasions because of deficiency of watchmen. Different territories to endure in private detainment facilities are mental consideration, instructive, and dinners all together for the jail to acquire a benefit; these projects appear to get cut before other numerous others. It is my sentiment that privatization sabotages condemning changes, cost the citizen more cash, and imperil the lives of jail staff and detainees alike.Offenders are imprisoned for reasons of their own creation; I feel that having their opportunity removed ought to be discipline enough. They ought not need to endure any longer past that, particularly for corporate eagerness. I unequivocally feel that jails ought to be left in the possession of the open area, which can work them in a protected and genuine way for which they were planned. Works Cited Baker, R. (2012, May 1). Preparation: For Profit Prisons.Retrieved from Who, What, Why, Forensic Journalism: Thinking Hard, Digging Deeper: Http:whowhatwhy. com brinkerhoff, N. (2012, May 17). Recovered from Info wars: http://www. inforwars. com Chang, C. (2012, May 13). Louisana is the universes capital. Recovered from Nola. com: http://www. nola. com Hogan, M. (2006, June 2). Adjustment Corp. Breaks Out,. Recovered from BUS. WK. On the web,: htpp://www. businessweek. com/financial specialist/content/jun2006/pi20060602_072092. htm23id Robbins, I. P. (1989). The Legal Dimensions of Private Incarceeration.

CASE 3- Variable and Fixed Costs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CASE 3-Variable and Fixed Costs - Essay Example ch alludes to the costing approach in which all the assembling and direct expenses were apportioned to the items and utilized in the computation of the expenses of stock (opening, in procedure or shutting). All the non producing costs are legitimately charged to the salary explanation and were avoided from the expense of stock (opening, in procedure or shutting). This technique is otherwise called full costing strategy or framework. (Drury, 2004) An option in contrast to this strategy is a variable costing technique. Under factor costing approach the expense of an item incorporates variable (costs that fluctuate with the degree of creation) of creation as it were. All the fixed (costs that are not subject to the degree of creation) are legitimately taken to the benefit and misfortune articulation and not structure the piece of stock cost (opening, in procedure or shutting). It is likewise called as immediate costing framework. (Matz and Usry, 1980) 1. On the off chance that creation in a period rises to the deals in that period, at that point benefits determined under both the strategies are same. The explanation is that the measure of fixed overheads that will be charged to the benefit and misfortune articulation under ingestion costing will be the fixed costs caused during the period, which is likewise charged in the benefit and misfortune proclamation under factor costing technique. In this manner, total compensation under the two techniques will be same. The fixed expenses relating to opening inventories, under assimilation costing strategy, will be conveyed forward to the following time frame, As opening and shutting inventories are same (since deals approaches creation). (Drury, 2004) 2. On the off chance that the creation during the period surpasses the deals during that period, at that point assimilation costing framework brings about higher benefits when contrasted with the variable costing frameworks, since fixed expense relating to the units sold is not exactly the complete fixed expenses for the period (As creation is more prominent than deals and fixed expenses in retention costing are assigned based on units delivered). As under the assimilation

How to Share Your Feelings With Your Spouse

How to Share Your Feelings With Your Spouse Relationships Spouses & Partners Print Why Sharing Feelings With Your Spouse Is Worth the Emotional Risk By Sheri Stritof Sheri Stritof has written about marriage and relationships for 20 years. Shes the co-author of The Everything Great Marriage Book. Learn about our editorial policy Sheri Stritof Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Carly Snyder, MD on January 26, 2020 facebook twitter linkedin Carly Snyder, MD is a reproductive and perinatal psychiatrist who combines traditional psychiatry with integrative medicine-based treatments.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Carly Snyder, MD on January 26, 2020 Gary John Norman / Getty Images More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse Its much easier to share your thoughts, the intellectual information that is in your brain, than your feelings. Sharing the depth of your feelings that are in your heart takes emotional risk and courage. This makes you feel exposed and vulnerable, but, it is the very thing that will create closeness and connection in your marriage.  By sharing what is in your heart with your spouse, you can achieve deeper intimacy.?? Tips on Sharing Your Feelings With Your Spouse Try these tips to help you practice sharing with your spouse. Recognize the difference between thoughts and emotional feelings.  Thinking, also known as cognition is a process that occurs in our heads. It coveys what our thoughts and beliefs  about something.  Feelings, on the other hand, convey our emotional state and is often said to come from the heart.  Feelings can also be physical sensations.Use the I think vs. I feel rule. If you can substitute the words I think for I feel in a sentence, then you have expressed thought and not a feeling. For example, I feel hurt is correct because you would not say I think hurt, right? Someone might say, I feel that he is a jerk is incorrect. You think he is a jerk.  Name the feeling. Use a list of feeling words if this is difficult.  Remember that feelings are one word: sad, angry, hurt, happy, overjoyed, embarrassed, and so on.  Describe the feeling by saying it or  writing it in such a way that your spouse can experience your feeling to the same degree.  One goal is to help your partner understand wha t it is like to walk in your shoes. You likely want empathy and understanding in return for sharing your feelings.Verbalize these feelings with your spouse directly. Your spouse cant read your mind. He or she may pick up on your vibe, but they have no way to know what is in your head unless you disclose it!Accept that feelings are neither right nor wrong. It is the behavior that results because of the feeling that is morally judged. Just because you are angry does not give you the right to be violent. Negative feelings still must be dealt with appropriately.  Accept that feelings come and go and change quickly.  This is different than a mood which is a sustained period of an emotional state.  Try to not judge yourself or your spouse because of feelings.  If you want your spouse to continue to share on this level, it is important not to get irritated or defensive about the feeling expressed to you.  Share your deeper underlying feeling, not just the surface feeling. You might be expr essing anger but underneath feel hurt or embarrassed. This is much more crucial to express to your partner to develop closeness and intimacy.Practice helps. If you are not someone who is used to expressing feelings, this may feel awkward at first. Practicing it in small steps will make it easier. Other Details to Remember Rejecting a feeling is rejecting the person feeling it. Do not say things like Dont worry, be happy or You shouldnt feel that way.Do  not make decisions based on feelings. When decision making, feelings will be a part of the process, but you must think logically and rationally.Share your feelings with each other daily.  You do not have to have deep, serious conversations about your relationship daily, but you do have to share your feelings (not just your thoughts) about what is going on with you day to day. Saying that you were late for a meeting gives the basic information only. But saying you felt embarrassed about being late for a meeting helps you connect to the person you are speaking with!  This needs to be a reciprocal process. You both must share on an intimate level with each other. It cant just be one of you!To be successful at sharing your feelings you need to be open, honest, willing to make time for each other, and receptive to these talks.?? Discussing Your Feelings Each Day

The Growth of E-commerce in India Essay - 2904 Words

BRIEF BACKGROUND If the Internet is anything to go by, the technological and the economic growth of India is moving into the top gear. With an increase in the online shopping registering in India, a 100 percent annual growth, most of the retail chains and consumer durable companies are joining the virtual world to tap the E shopping market. The online shopping industry of India is now fast catching on, not only in the larger metro cities but also in the smaller cities. At present the market is estimated at Rs.46, 000 crore and it is growing at 100 % per year. Total Unique Visitors(000) % Reach Total internet: Total Audience 46,390 100.0% Retail 27,171 58.6% Amazon sites 6,805 14.7% Apple.com Worldwide Sites 3,426 7.4%†¦show more content†¦SUMMARY E-Commerce is a type of virtual industry where the buying and selling of products and services is conducted over electronic systems such as the internet and other computer networks. Basically, it provides a platform to the retailers to display their products virtually for selling in order to increase their overall sale. Earlier, there were no such concepts for the retailers or for the customers to play with. They were restricted to their physical stores for the purpose of buying and selling but now there are many online websites or we can say virtual websites where they can sell their products and increase their sales. Now, not only the retailers are playing with their products even the consumers are also playing with their products. There are online websites where two consumers are dealing with each other, where one is the buyer and the other consumer is the seller. Example- olx. Earlier there were two retailers- physical store retailer and the online retailer. Physical store retailers are those who have their physical outlets and they deal with their customers through their physical outlets/stores and the online retailers are those who deal with their customers through the virtual websites/online websites. But now the store retailers are also starting their online websites to deal with their customersShow MoreRelatedE-Commerce Industry Analysis- Porters1596 Words   |  7 PagesFirm Strategy, Structure and Rivalry | * India’s e retailers have primarily relied on PE funds and venture capitalists * Pricing is the point of differentiation from existing Brick and Mortar shops * Focus on segments like Books and apparels to slowly increase their offerings * innovations in delivery and technology in recent years like Cash on Delivery, CRM * Introduction of Guarantied replacement approach.Rivalry- * Business model is easy to copy * Beginning ofRead MoreEssay On Logistic Industry866 Words   |  4 PagesGrowing Career Opportunities in the Digitally Empowered Logistic Industry of India Logistics comes under the most critical sectors of an economy because this is the sector which provides wheels to innovative business ideas products, and the health of this particular industry determines the overall health of the economy. Logistics acts like the heart of the economy which is responsible for the timely flow of goods and services, any blockage in its way can be significantly dangerous to other vitalRead MoreElectronic Commerce and Page Load Speed1631 Words   |  7 PagesSingh Choudhary The e-Commerce market in India has enjoyed phenomenal growth of almost 50% in the last five years. Although the trend of e-Commerce has been making rounds in India for 15 years, the appropriate ecosystem has now started to fall in place. The considerable rise in the number of internet users, growing acceptability of online payments, the more number of internet-enabled devices and favorable circumstances are the key factors driving the growth story of e-Commerce in the country. TheRead MoreE Commerce Assessment : Olx India ( Olx.in ) Essay1425 Words   |  6 PagesTEEGAVARAPU LALIT MAHESH Student ID : i144409 E-Commerce Assessment : 1 Topic/Company chosen : Olx India (Olx.In) 1. Introduction: 1.1 Name of the company : Olx.in The World s second largest country by population isn t really known for it s internet penetration. That number stands at a lowly 12.6% where people surf the internet only once a month are also counted. Even so, ask any blue collar worker in the nation about Olx.in , and you ll be surprised at how much they knowRead MoreTaking a Look at Flipkart1418 Words   |  6 PagesFlipkart is an Indian e-commerce company founded in 2007, by Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal and headquartered in Bangalore, Karnataka. It is considered as one of the largest e-commerce company that made online shopping popular in India. In the beginning, Flipkart backbone was to sale online books in India and but they get diversified and expanded into electronic products and many other variety of products. Due to very low penetration of net banking and credit card in India, the cash on delivery modelRead MoreWhat Is The Market Analysis Of The U. 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The IT sector mainly includes the startups based on Consumer Internet, ads, payments, analytics, cloud services, SaaSRead MoreImpact Of E Commerce Of Fmcg Sector Essay1362 Words   |  6 PagesImpact of E-commerce of FMCG Sector Grocery and FMCG sales together constitute approximately 62% of the Indian retail sales, both unorganized and organized (Modern retail and E-commerce) sectors combined. Organized retail in India is growing its share in India but modern trade has not taken off the way it should have because of various reasons very specific to India. Entire generation of Indian youth is thus directly leapfrogging to e-commerce from shopping in convenience ‘Mom Pop’ stores. ConsequentlyRead MoreIndia s Largest Mobile Commerce Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesPaytm is one of India’s largest mobile commerce. The company started offering mobile recharge and utility bill payments. With 300,000 orders, every day the company has emerged into a top e-commerce business on the track of full marketplace for its consumers on the mobile app. The company follows the mission statement of 100% Assurance with Paytm Trust and Paytm Promise of immediately refunding the money if the consumers have any issue with the product. We analyze the market environment and marketing

What Is a Loan Translation or Calque

A loan translation is a  compound in English (for example, superman) that literally translates a foreign expression (in this example, German ÃÅ"bermensch), word for word. Also known as a  calque (from the French word for copy). A loan translation is a special kind of loan word. However, says Yousef Bader, loan translations are easier to understand [than loan words] because they use existing elements in the borrowing language, whose expressive capacity is thereby enriched (in  Language, Discourse, and Translation in the West and Middle East, 1994). It goes without saying (à §a va sans dire) that English gets most of its loan translations from French. Examples and Observations Vocabulary borrowing from one language into another is a common phenomenon. Sometimes in the case of structurally complex lexical items, this takes the form of loan translation. In such a translation, the literal form of a lexical item is translated bit by bit into another language. It can take place with derived words. The word thriness (threeness) in Old English was loan translated from Latin trinitas during the conversion of the English to Christianity. Compound words can also be loan translated. Current English contains two translations of a German compound noun which show the process clearly. The German word Leberwurst appears half loan translated in liverwurst and completely loan translated in liversausage.(Koenraad Kuiper and Daphne Tan Gek Lin, Cultural Congruence and Conflict in the Acquisition of Formulae in a Second Language.  English Across Cultures, Cultures Across English: A Reader in Cross-Cultural Communication, ed. by  Ofelia Garcà ­a and Ricardo Otheguy. Mouten de Gruyter, 1989)A less well-known form of borrowing involves translations of loan words, such that calques (lit., copies) are produced: the English skyscraper becomes wolkenkratzer (lit., cloud scraper) in German or gratte-ciel (lit., sky scraper) in French; the French marchà © aux puces is taken into English as flea market.(John Edwards, Sociolinguistics: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2013) French, German, and Spanish Calque When we borrowed the French word decalcomanie as decalcomania (and later shortened it to decal; the original French word, itself a compound, contains the morpheme calque), we simply took it over in one piece and naturalized it by means of an English pronunciation. But when we took over the German word Lehnwort we actually translated its two morphemes into English and loanword resulted. In early English, especially before the Norman Conquest, borrowings were far less common than today, and calques far more so. . . . The verb bad mouth . . . is a calque or loan translation: it seems to come from Vai*  day ngatmay (a curse; literally, a bad mouth). . . . New World Spanish has composed a number of loan translations or calques on English models, such as luna de miel (honeymoon), perros calientes (hot dogs), and conferencia de alto nivel (high level conference).(W.F. Bolton, A Living Language: The History and Structure of English. Random House, 1982) *The Vai language is spoken by the Vai people of Liberia and Sierra Leone. Water of Life Whiskey is water of life, etymologically speaking. The term is short for whiskybae, which is another spelling of usquebaugh, from Gaelic uiscebeatha, meaning water of life. In Scotland and Ireland, whisky/whiskey is still called usquebaugh. This is a loan translation from Latin aqua vitae, literally water of life. A dry spirit from Scandinavia is called aquavit. Russian vodka is water, too, from Russian voda (water). Finally, theres firewater, a literal translation of Ojibwa (an Algonquin language) ishkodewaaboo. (Anu Garg, The Dord, the Diglot, and an Avocado or Two. Plume, 2007)

The Effects Of Optimism On Cancer Survival Rate - 926 Words

The previous section has shown that previous study had yielded contradictory results. To account for the inconsistent findings, we have to first understand the inner mechanisms of the effects of optimism on cancer survival rate. Salovey (2000) has proposed various potential casual pathways from dispositional optimism to cancer survival outcomes. One of the potential mediators of optimism and survival outcome might be immune system. In other words, optimism tends to enhance the immune system which in turn enhance cancer survival rate. Indeed, Ah (2007) examines the intimate connections among social support, optimism, and immune response. Ah hypothesized that optimism plays a mediating role for immune response and cancer outcome. 54 cancer patients participated in the study. They completed questionnaires regarding stress level, optimism, and satisfaction social support. Participants’ blood was assessed to measure the immune system (ex., white blood cell such as natural killer c ell. The results showed that only optimism is associated with immune response and cancer prognosis, while perceived satisfaction of social support was not associated immune response. Given that immunology mediate the relationship between optimism and cancer survival rate, it is possible that the inconsistent results of the previous studies might be accounted by mechanisms related to immunology. One possible explanation might be that previous studies looked at different types of cancer, while some typeShow MoreRelatedOptimism And Pessimism And Optimism1439 Words   |  6 PagesOptimism is a disposition or tendency to look to the more favourable side of events or conditions and to expect the most favourable condition (optimism, n.d.). Counter to optimism is pessimism which is the tendency to anticipate only bad or undesirable outcomes (pessimism, n.d.). When looking at optimism it is important to look at the opposing side to emphasis the unwelcome effects of thinking negatively in terms of wellbeing which in the long term could be detrimental to health and prosperityRead MoreThe Effect of an Optimistic Attitude on a Person’s Health1197 Words   |  5 Pagessuccess, feelings and even health. Positive thinking can be the best treatment for those, who don’t know what to do, in a problematic life situation. Optimistic attitude can help the person to live longer, recover faster from the mortal diseases like cancer and coronary heart disease, and avoid alcoholism and psychological problems(like depression). Optimistic attitude is a great way to feel better, even during bad times. 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However, while one might say that treatment is still in its infancy today, therapies have evolved dramatically over the last century. The innovation of chemotherapy marked a turning point in cancer treatment. Dr. Sidney Farber, a pediatricRead MoreThe Power Of Positive Psychology : A Rich And Meaningful Life4243 Words   |  17 Pagesthe results enhance not only the patients’ recovery but also reinforce patient’s awareness, along with the acceptance of their psychological and physical limitations. Keywords: Positive Psychology, positive emotions, diabetes, stress, mindfulness, optimism, self-esteem, positive relationships, forgiveness, spirituality. 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Oliver twist Analysis Essay Example For Students

Oliver twist Analysis Essay As one of the world’s greatest writers, Charles Dickens has written some of the greatest classics such as: Great Expectations, A Tale of Two Cities, and Oliver Twist. In these works, Dickens often uses past experiences in his life, and develops a character that goes through the same kind of struggles. He also uses much satire as comic relief, much like that of someone who is trying to hide behind a mask of joking. Such is the case with Oliver Twist. During his childhood, Charles Dickens suffered much abuse from his parents. Oliver Twist, the main character in the novel, while at the orphanage, also experienced a great amount of abuse. For example, while suffering from starvation and malnutrition, Oliver was chosen by the other boys at the orphanage to request more gruel at dinner one night. After making this simple request, the master aimed a blow at Olivers head with the ladle; pinioned him in his arms; and shrieked aloud for the beadle.The whole beginning of Oliver Twists story was created from memories which related to Dickens childhood in a blacking factory. While working in the blacking factory, Dickens suffered tremendous humiliation, which is expressed through Olivers adventures at the orphanage. In chapter one Dickens uses many techniques to show the Unattractive and repulsive truth. He uses techniques such as satire, sarcasm, pathos, humour and sympathy. In chapter one Charles Dickens makes an observation about Oliver being born in a workhouse. Born in a workhouse is in itself the most fortunate and enviable circumstance that can possibly befall a human being. In this quote Dickens is using sarcasm because being born in a workhouse is clearly a disadvantage. This comment is very sarcastic. As Oliver is born he is spoken of being a Burden and having being imposed upon the parish. Another way that Charles Dickens puts across that the children in the workhouses are not cared for properly and that they are seen as being a problem is the way that Oliver is handled as a newborn baby. It is very likely it will be troublesome. Give it a little gruel if it is says the doctor to the nurse. This is a very cold comment. It is as if Oliver is put to one side. One other point is that the nurse is drunk when she is assisting with delivering the baby. Hastily depositing in her pocket a green glass bottle, the contents of which she had been tasting in a corner with evident satisfaction. Being drunk whilst delivering the baby shows how unimportant Oliver is to the nurse. In chapter one Dickens criticizes the medical profession. The medical gentleman walked away to dinner this shows that the doctor can go off to dinner without a care for the starving children. In chapter two Dickens shows corruption. And she had a very accurate perception of what was good for herself. This comment is about the elderly female who looked after the children. The elderly female took a share of the money that was for looking after the children, she was very corrupt. Dickens describes how Oliver would be farmed to another workhouse. This shows the treatment of the children in the workhouses. The word farmed implies they are treated like some kind of farm animal. In chapter two sarcasm is also used to get Dickens point across, Twenty or thirty juvenile offenders against the poor laws rolled about the floor all day, without the inconvenience of too much food or too much clothing. This is a very sarcastic comment because there is no such thing as an inconvenience of too much food and clothing to children in workhouses. It cannot be expected that this very system of farming would produce any very extraordinary or luxuriant crop. This statement is an extended metaphor. This metaphor says that children who are brought up in a workhouse will not turn out to be any body special. Dickens believed that if you were born good then you can stay good no matter what your circumstance or environment you are in you are in. But nature or inheritance has implanted a good sturdy spirit in Olivers breast. On the other hand it is the same with evil. If you are born bad you will stay bad. .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a , .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a .postImageUrl , .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a , .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a:hover , .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a:visited , .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a:active { border:0!important; } .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a:active , .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: English Literature - Blood Brothers EssayCharles Dickens makes a contrast when Oliver is going to see the board. All the men on the board are fat and healthy and Oliver is malnourished and unhealthy. Particularly fat gentleman with a round red face. This comment gives an image of a big fat man with enough or too much food in his belly. In chapter 47 Dickens creates a very evil picture of criminals. With face so distorted and pale, and eyes so bloodshot, that he looked less like a man, than like some hideous phantom, moist from the grave. Dickens uses personification in this chapter. Dickens makes a very negative picture of Fagin and Sikes. Dickens makes Sikes seem inhuman and cold blooded by the way he describes Fagin treats Nancy. Another way he does this is when he is describing Fagin. Fangs as should have been a dogs or rats. Dickens associates Fagin and criminals with filthy animals. When Fagin is telling Sikes about Nancy he uses repetition to wind Sikes up even more. Which she did. Also when Sikes is about to go off to find Nancy, Fagin says You wont be too violent, Bill? . This is reverse psychology because Fagin knows that this will make Sikes do the opposite and be very violent. When Sikes is about to kill Nancy there is a great amount of melodrama there. Nancy is associated with God and when she is pleading she builds up a lot of sympathy because she is defenceless against Sikes. Dickens wanted to portray the unattractive and repulsive truth of existence for the dregs of life and the poor. Charles Dickens did this very well and has used many ingenious techniques to do this. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Oliver Twist section.

Competition in the Australian market for groceries

The price increase of commodities, especially of basic necessities such as groceries is a matter of concern for members of the public. In recent years, sustained criticisms have been leveled against the Australian retail grocery sector because of rising prices of goods.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Competition in the Australian market for groceries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Various reasons have been advanced to explain the reason why the sector has been experiencing the problem over the past couple of years.  Questions have been raised about the role that competition plays in determining prices in the Australian grocery market. A study commissioned by the Australian competition and consumer commission, (A.C.C.C) estimated that two stores; Coles and Woolworths accounted for about 70% of package grocery sales and nearly half of all the fresh food products that were sold in Australia. To comprehensively analyze the groceries market in Australia, it would be useful to apply microeconomic principles. The Concept of Perfect Competition In understanding the concept of Competition in the Australian market for groceries, a critical factor to consider is whether the market is perfectly competitive. A perfectly or purely competitive market is a phrase that is used in reference to a condition or situation where consumers and producers are too many and too small to have the ability to significantly alter the price of goods or services (Machovec, 1995 p3). Essentially it is a state wherein, the buyers or sellers cannot initiate any measure of individual control in determining the prices of goods and services. (Dewar, 2010 p.71-72). A perfectly competitive market is further characterized by having large numbers of producers and consumers who are free to enter and leave the market at will and who all have equal awareness and access to information about the prices, volume, availability and quali ty of goods and services that are being traded (Baumol Blinder, 2007 p.201). Moreover, the perfectly competitive market is distinguished by the fact that the goods or services being traded are homogeneous in nature and thus, it is possible to substitute one product or service for another.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The situation is also characterized by the presence of a complete mobility for the resources that are used in production. It is important to note that the perfectly or purely competitive market exists only as a theoretical framework or model and is impossible for it to be applied in reality (Goldberg, 2000, p.84-87). This description of the perfectly competitive market model makes it abundantly clear that the Australian retail grocery market is not a perfectly competitive market (justfood.com, 2009). This is because; although there is homogeneity in terms of the products being traded and a large consumer base, the market does not conform to the determining characteristics of the perfect competition model. An integral hallmark of the perfectly competitive market model is the fact that it is made up of a large number of buyers and sellers who do not have the individual ability to initiate any measure of control over the prices of commodities and services (Dewar, 2010 p.108). This is not the case in the Australian retail grocery market sector. In an inquiry commissioned by the Australian competition and consumer commission, (A.C.C.C) to determine the competitiveness of the retail grocery prices, it was revealed that the market was dominated by two retail grocery stores; Coles and Woolworths. The statistics indicate that these two stores had a substantial share of the retail grocery market, amounting to about 50% of the fresh food products and nearly 70% of the packaged food sales that were sold in the country. (accc.gov.au, 2008). This im plies that these two stores have virtually cornered the retail grocery market and consequently are in a prime position to determine the retail grocery prices. This is a fundamental deviation from the perfect competition model that is characterized by the fact that no individual buyers or sellers have the capacity to individually affect the prices of goods and services. The Australian retail grocery sector is not a perfectly competitive market because Woolworths and Coles, the largest players in the market have an advantage in terms of getting advance information and awareness about the prices, quality and availability of goods from their suppliers (wotnews.com, 2007). The two organizations enjoy this advantage because they are the largest market for the suppliers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Competition in the Australian market for groceries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is an advantage that is not e njoyed by other smaller players in the industry. This is in direct contrast to the characteristics of a perfectly competitive market that, according to Goldberg (2000), is characterized by equal awareness to information about the prices, volume, availability and quality of goods and services that are being traded. The fact that the Australian grocery market is not a perfectly competitive market has significant implications for the consumer. In recent years, consumers in Australia have been suffering from the adverse effects of rising grocery prices. This problem has been attributed to the fact that the market has been dominated by Woolworths and Coles, both of which have been criticized for setting high commodity prices and systematically increasing those already high prices. This situation has negative implications on the consumers and urgent intervention is required. Workable Competition Economic theorists have reached the consensus that the concept of perfect competition has nume rous shortcomings and limitations in the determination of public policy. In reaction to this, the alternative theory of workable competition was formulated. The workable competition, also known as the effective competition model was proposed in 1940 by J.M. Clark, a prominent economic theorist. The model is used in reference to a state of affairs that is characterized by the existence of a monopolistic power that exerts a significantly high measure of control over the market; however, the effects of this control are mitigated by the existence of adequate competition that is provided by near-monopolies. This has the effect of protecting the consumers from the effects of a monopolistic system. (Ferguson, 2008 p.78-80). The application of the workable competition model would be more relevant to the Australian retail grocery market because the perfect competition model has been shown to be ineffective in the market. The workable or effective competition model is geared towards protectin g the consumers from the effects of monopolistic practices. (Masters, 1955 p.37).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The domination of the grocery market by Coles and Woolworths implies that these two stores are enjoying what has been described as a duopoly of the market. In recognition of this fact, the workable model that is characterized by the presence of near monopolies that are meant to protect the interests of the consumers would be highly relevant (Ferguson, 2008 p.87). A comprehensive assessment of the Australian retail grocery market reveals that effective or workable competition does not exists in the sector. To justify this contention, it would be useful to examine the presence or absence of several indicators. According to Barthwal (2000) any given industry is said to be workably competitive if it has a number of companies that are selling or providing similar or closely related goods and services and that these companies are not in collusion with each other. Critical examination of the pricing trends adopted by both Woolworths and Coles reveals a level of complicity, especially in pr ice increases. Barthwal further contends that a workably competitive industry is characterized by the fact that the average cost-curve that will be applied to a new investor in the sector will not be significantly higher than that applied to an established company. The situation in the Australian retail grocery market is such that, new investors in the sector have a considerably higher average cost curve than that of established companies, notably, Woolworths and Coles This is because, the two companies have sufficient scale to leverage the costs of supplies. These factors serve to comprehensively justify the contention that the Australian retail grocery market does not conform to the workable competition model. Vertical Integration Retail stores are an integral component of the economy of any given country. Retail stores have the essential function of acting as the link between the manufactures and the consumers of products. The retail stores also have the important functions of ad ding value to products before they are sold to the public and offering the producers a means of selling their products directly and effectively to the public. Research indicates that a majority of profitable retail stores are vertically integrated. Vertical Integration is a micro-economic principle that is used in reference to a situation whereby all the supply chains, production processes, marketing initiatives and all other processes that are involved in the functioning of a company and organization are controlled by a single management or administrative body. Vertical integration stands for procedures in which all steps involved in the contraption and distribution of goods fall under the control of a single firm in order to increase dominance of its market area (Parker, 2007 p.18-20). Vertical integration can be further distinguished into forward and backward integration. Backward integration occurs when a company establishes control or ownership of the suppliers of its products (Vincent, Grantham,1997 p. 315). On the other hand, forward integration is where a company establishes control over the distribution of its products.(Ibid 317) These measures are instituted in an attempt to minimize dependency on distributors and suppliers and also to minimize expenses. Vertical integration is the management style that is the direct opposite of horizontal integration. Horizontal integration is the management principle that is distinguished by the fact that the various processes that are applied in the functioning of a business, company, organization or any other entity are controlled by a multiplicity of functionaries. (Hill Jones, 2010, p.228). Horizontal management also focuses on the expansion of a business at a similar position in the supply chan. In reference to the retail grocery business, the horizontally integrated retail store may sell groceries in addition to a wide selection of non-food items in an attempt to increase profitability. (Miler, 2010 p.12-17) Vertical integration is widely applied in the retail sector because it has several advantages. Vertical integration has the benefit of reducing logistical costs and fostering efficiency in the supply chain. (Grant 2005, p.393) The principle also has the advantage of restricting or limiting the entry of potential competitors into the market by means of having the sole access to a supplier. Vertical integration also ensures efficient supply and distribution of goods. However, the biggest advantage of vertical integration is increases in the profit margin. However, the principle is also associated with a number of disadvantages. Among these is the fact that vertical integration implies the lack of supplier competition and consequently higher costs. Another drawback that is associated with the principle is lack of flexibility and decreased capacity to increase the diversity of products on offer. Furthermore, the fact that vertical integration requires the acquisition of new departments for supply and distribution may lead to increases in the bureaucratic costs. (Parker, 2007 p.27-30) Vertical integration has adverse effects on the competitors in the grocer retail market. This is because, vertical integration enables an established company in the market to limit or restrict the entry of competitors into the market. This is because; the established vertically integrated company may have the sole access to a particular supplier. This is especially problematic in the case of scarce commodities. (Parker, 2007 p.33). To illustrate this fact, the supply of groceries such as gourmet food products for example truffles and caviar is practically impossible for new entrants into the grocery retail market in Australia. The supply problems eventually led some retail grocery stores to be forced out of business. The vertical integration also extended to the fact that Woolworths and Coles had a clause in their lease that restricted the smaller stores from being set up in the same shopping mall (theage.com.au, 2009). However, eventually, this practice was discontinued. In summation, vertical integration has negative impact on competitors. That being said, the most successful strategy for an entrant into the grocery retail business in Australia is the adoption of horizontal integration. Despite the fact that most retail businesses have adopted the vertical integration model, this model would not be well suited for a new entrant into the market, it is best applied by the established companies like Coles and Woolworths. The business should focus on diversification. Offering groceries for sale can be accompanied by venturing into non-food items such as magazines and cosmetics. This is the best strategy to compete in a market that is virtually a duopoly. Payoff Matrix To illustrate the contention that horizontal integration would be the orientation that would be best suited for a new entrant in the Australian grocery retail market, it would be useful to construct a payoff matrix. Adoption of Vertical Integration Adoption of Horizontal Integration Advantages Increased Profitability Efficiency in the supply chain Efficiency in product distribution Product diversity Competition among suppliers Concentration on the company’s core business Disadvantages Limited suppliers Higher logistical costs Higher bureaucratic costs Lack of flexibility Lack of product diversity Decreased profitability Dependency on external suppliers Inefficiency in distribution The payoff matrix reveals that both vertical and horizontal integration have advantages and disadvantages. However, the horizontal integration orientation would be the best option that would enable a new entrant in the Australian grocery retail sector to be successful References Accc.gov. au. (2008). Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Inquiry into the competitiveness of retail prices for standard Groceries. Web. Barthwal, R. R. (2000). Industrial Economics: An Introduct ory Text Book. India. New Age International Publishing. p.87-88. Baumol, W. J. Blinder, A. S. (2007).  Microeconomics: Principles and Policy.  U.K. Thomson Corporations Inc p.201. Dewar, D. M. (2010).  Essentials of Health Economics. MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers LLC p. 71-72. Ferguson, C. E. (2008).   A macroeconomic theory of workable competition.  California. Duke University Press, p.78-79. Goldberg, K. (2000).  An introduction to the market system: California. M. E Sharpe Inc p.84-87. Grant, R. M. (2005).  Contemporary strategy analysis. MA: Blackwell publishing Inc. p.393. Hill, C. Jones, G. (2010).  Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated  Approach. U.S.A.: Cengage Learning Inc p.228. Just food. (2009). Australian Retail Grocery Market Case Study: challenging the  dominance of Coles and Woolworths. Web. Machovec, F. M. (1995).  Perfect competition and the transformation of economics.  NY: Routledge Publishers. Masters, R. D. (1955).  Workabl e competition: a case study of the relationship  between economic analysis and public policy. MA: Harvard University Press p.3. Miller, F. Vandome, A. F. McBrewster, D. (2010). Horizontal Integration. Canada: Alphascript Publishing, p.12-14. Parker, R. C. (2007).  Vertical integration by grocery retailers: a market structures  Analysis. Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin – Madison Press p.18-20. Theage.com.au. (2009).  Coles and Woolworths duopoly to be shelved.  Web. Vincent, T. L. Grantham, W. J. (1997). Vertical integration by grocery  retailers: a market structure analysis. Canada: John Wiley sons inc. p.315-316. Wot- news. (2011). Woolworths and Coles. Web. This essay on Competition in the Australian market for groceries was written and submitted by user Joslyn Carver to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Plays Wind and Different Results Essay

Plays Wind and Different Results Essay Plays: Wind and Different Results Essay Evaluation During my trip to Swanage the things I enjoyed many stuff and activities, one of the thing I enjoyed the most was rock climbing and climbing up the hills to get the sketches done but it was quite tiring while climbing the hills as they were quite high which was a bit difficult and coming back down was dangerous as the way was very steep however I enjoyed the trip overall. Firstly 1 problem would be the questionnaire and the problem with them would be that there were not enough people we could ask questions and the way we could’ve solved this problem would have been that we could’ve done the questionnaires at different time so there would have been more people and that would’ve meant that we would’ve got more results which would have been good for our analysis. Another method would be the wave count and the problem is that we may have got inaccurate results and that would’ve meant that our results are wrong and that would’ve led to wrong results on our analysis which would’ve created errors in all of our data. The way we could’ve solved this problem would have been that we could’ve repeatedly done which would’ve have led to us obtaining more reliable results. In my opinion I think that we would have got different results if we done the experiments at different times because for example if we done the wave count at a different time then we would have probably obtained different results due to the fact that the wind and the wave speed may have been different and that would’ve meant that we would have

Target customers and marketing strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Target customers and marketing strategy - Essay Example These needs are: psychological (hunger, thirst), safety (protection), social (be accepted, belong to a certain group), esteem (self-confidence, achievements, respect, status, recognition), and self-actualization (realizing one’s potential for continued self-development) (Maslow, 1970). This leads to the statement that a satisfied need is not a motivator. There is a doubt whether this really applies in practice to the higher needs as it is likely that self-esteem requires continues stimulation and renewal. In spite of its clarity it has some limitations which make it unacceptable in all situations (Wasserman, 2009). Few attempts have been made to test the validity of Maslows ideas. A big problem is that many companies do not satisfy higher-order needs through their jobs or occupations, and this cannot really be tested. Another point is that he viewed satisfaction as a major motivator and this is not directly related to production. In addition, Maslow does not mention the time p eriod between various needs (Raymond et al 2003). Applied to target customers and marketing strategy, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs allows managers to predict needs and demands of customers and their desires. Buyers do not always know why they decide to make a purchase -- and even when they do, they may prefer to keep the reason to themselves. Often, more than one reason or psychological motive may underlie a purchase, some of which may be known to the purchaser and others not. Separating the conscious from the subconscious is at best taxing, if not impossible. An understanding of buyer behavior has been strengthened by psychologically based concepts and theories of behavior and by psychoanalytical ideas (Wasserman, 2009). The psychological factors that shape personalities and needs are particularly significant in purchase and consumption behavior. Analysis of wants, motivations, attitudes, expectations,

Successful Employee-Volunteer Programs and Its Benefits Assignment

Successful Employee-Volunteer Programs and Its Benefits - Assignment Example Therefore, for an EVP to be considered effective it must have the following features: First of all, it must have a plan. Effective EPVs have clear and attainable goals with specific strategies, focused efforts to achieve them. This can be achieved through an annual retreat of all EVP members to deliberate on an annual plan that will include goals, strategies and priority programs. Initial planning allows members to create backup plans in case the main strategies falter; this reduces time wasting that may occur when a program is hurriedly rushed into without prior planning and a problem occurs, where the members have to deliberate, look for funding, set up new strategies and designate duties to members. Secondly, the programs must have some level of measurement. This is to ascertain whether they have been accomplishing their plans in the past or not. The measurement should also include the effects of the programs on communities they are imposed on. Are they bringing joy to the people? Or their effects are not felt by the people. For instance, if it is proven that less volunteer hours is the main culprit behind poor results, then the company can create incentives to encourage employees to participate more on volunteer work, such as higher monetary rates for extra hours. An effective EVP must also embrace the design of the company. Since the volunteers are from the company, the way they are perceived by the public will mirror back to the company. It is therefore imperative that the workers portray the company well in terms of behavior and physical appearance. They should adorn new and improved gear with the company’s logo and positive and encouraging messages. Socially adept individuals should be the ones interacting with the people and working concurrently with them. Their quieter and less social peers should concentrate in areas with less social experiences. The volunteering should be a happy

Black Lives Matter Movement and Afrofuturism Comparison

Black Lives Matter Movement and Afrofuturism Comparison A comparison of the Black Lives Matter movement and Afrofuturism is the undertaking herein and follows. It is extremely relevant in terms of one of the constant ethno struggles persisting in society, nay, the world today.  Looking at it in those terms, the subject matter would be relevant any day, and, as Afrofuturism claims, it will remain relevant well into the future. Afrofuturism While the term Afrofuturism is credited to Mark Dery, a cyberculture theorist, attempting to explain the Black culture with internet culture (McNally 2).  Afrofuturism is the mechanism that creates and then portrays endless possibilities to the traditionally oppressed to rise above lifes challenges.  It is a mode through which imbalances are balances and unfairness turned fair, wrong transformed to right, etc.  Remember, the current mindset is that Blacks are not equal; schools are still segregated; whites are especially favored; and the future for Blacks is bleak.  Afrofuturism takes that situation and inserts into a futuristic setting the underlying theme is science fiction.  While the setting is similar to the strife and downtrodden status of Blacks, it reconstructs the expected ending from a continued life of suppression to superhero status and overcoming the odds (McNally 3).  Derys mindset is evident given the question proposed that Afrofuturism attempts to answer:   Can a community whose past has been deliberately rubbed out, and whose energies have subsequently been consumed by the search for legible traces of its history, imagine possible futures? (3). Dery further posits that in order to overcome the obliterated past, a hopeful future must be presented.  The challenge here is how to present a past that does not exist, for all practical purposes.  Thus, when history is depicted in Afrofuturistic conveyances, they are mythical in nature.  Afrofuturism is a dynamic rather than static definition which, at its bare bones, marries technology with storytelling with black.  Although, one definition includes a footnote to the effect that Afrofuturism is blind to color, race, gender, etc.  It is more a tool with which to reconcile the past with an anticipated future (Priforce). Another definition of Afrofuturism is proposed in the spirit of sociology.  That is, Afrofuturism is literary style which puts Black experiences in the central premise which is demonstrated through fantasy and science fiction (Huddleston 2). Still another definition suggests that, while the foundation of Afrofuturism is science fiction, it is science fiction written by Africans or Afrodiasporic which may be in the form of art, literature, music and scholarship (Yaszek 1).  Ã‚  The diasporic nature of the thing promises diversity within a diverse group.  The art is premised on a varied conglomeration of Blacks sprinkled around the world through no choice of theirs, but such that there is a spattering of absorbed cultures, but, unfortunately, providing the same results. Backpedaling for just a moment, another definition is in order that of diaspora.  Diaspora is Greek for to scatter.  Used in this context it means a similarly-region-specific population that has been disbursed across different areas but still have active ties based on the similar origins (What Is A Diaspora? | Idea).  So, African diaspora is that of people from Africa living in other parts of the world.  During the transatlantic slave trades, millions of Blacks were relocated throughout the U.S.  and the Caribbean (African Diaspora Cultures | Oldways) Yaszek considers Afrofuturism from the perspective of the author, artist or professor.  To that end, the main purpose of the telling of the story is, well, to tell a good story science fiction, or not.  The two next best reasons are somewhat political.  First, and as mentioned above, Afrofuturism is a vehicle with which lost history may be recovered, and, then, hopefully, understood.  Next, it also provides a forum within which hope is inspired for the future (2).  This, in a way, is an attempt to circumvent what may be described as foreshadowing or self-fulfilled prophecy in that the Black story is one of doom and gloom past and present.  And, since the future will be the present and the present will be the past, transforming the future (since there really is not anything that can be done in the present) in a positive light (or a powerful one) suggests that not only can history be changed but it challenges the norm. So, it is not surprising that the roots (no pun intended) of Afrofuturism commenced in the 1880s, alongside science fiction as a genre, with the writings of Charles Chestnutt, Susan Griggs and Edward Johnson.  All of whom authored books illustrating the Black plight, issues of slavery, creating a better world, and a society promulgated on Black knowledge and industry (Yaszek 4).  As the genre progressed to and through the 20th century, the separate-but-equal-paradigm wove its threads through the world of science fiction.  Black authors published in Black magazines and white in white.  It is worth mentioning because the distinction was not as the result of the actions of white people but due to the preferences of Black authors.  The reasoning should be unimportant, but for the sake of accuracy the claim is that the white magazines were almost too far-fetched and the Black stories were meant to be taken more seriously as story-telling rather than just science fiction entertai nment.  The afterthought is the perception that the white magazines included racially-motivated storylines. Returning to the underlying premise, that of a promising future and the potential of Blacks to use science to conquer battles and survive disasters, it is during the 1960s the white-washed science fiction intersected with Afrofuturism (Yaszek 7).  Obviously, the timing coincides with the crest of the civil rights movement.  In addition, it was a time when science fiction authors wanted to premise their work on societal relevant issues as well as scientifically modeled. The themes during this time period portrayed hope and a successful integration of two different societies which was reflected in films such as Bloodchild.  Other films were cautious and warned about history repeating itself with films such as The Spacetraders and Zulu Heart, both speculating that either Blacks will be deported from earth, chained together on a ship, or a role reversal such that while it is a replay historically it is the Blacks enslaving the whites.  Neither of which provides a positive takeaway. From 1980 to and through today, global Afrofuturism takes the definition a bit farther, technologically speaking.  This is a society of Afrofuturistics connected via internet from around the world.  The stories are still founded in the future based on the past lost; however, there is a worldwide collaboration such that the resulting stories mix histories, settings, and other region-specific attributes (Yaszek 9). This is probably the most appropriate place to introduce the Black Lives Matter campaign.  It is within this movement where the image of superhero takes on a less science fiction form and demonstrates how technology and black can make things happen, and, yes, possibly change the future. It has been only since 2013 that Alicia Garza posted the note to Facebook after the dismissal of charges against a white man for shooting a black 17 year old assuring others that our (black) lives matter.  It was the tipping point at which time Garza and others decided to change the world (not to sound too dramatic) (Day). This may sound like the atypical rally, protest or bandwagon.  Certainly, and unfortunately, the issue is the same as it has been repeated historically year after year after year.  However, the approach in this century is very different.  There is no single leader.  In movements past, male, black men such as Martin Luther King or Malcolm X played a major role in gaining interest and participation.  This time, they are all leaders.  Further, this movement is not racist it includes lesbians, women, gay, transgenders and bisexuals.  Rather than depending on media or word of mouth on the street to spread the word or organize rallies, Twitter offers a forum upon which news of black injustice may be circulated and Facebook supports the assimilation of rallies.  Photos, the ultimate purveyor of effective messaging, are shared via Tumblr and distributed on Instagram.  Events that had previously gone unnoticed or unknown were now on home pages and cell phones all over the w orld, potentially.  The audio associated with the gasping of the victim of a chokehold inflicted by law enforcement went viral (Day).  YouTube footage of a 14-year-old girl victimized by excessive force by police officers got over 500,000 views.  This is pretty strong, effective campaigning.  But, more importantly, it is real-time awareness.  It is what might change the future.  And, its technologically based.  Science fiction or This is where Black Lives Matter and Afrofuturism intersect.  The common thread is technology and the common goal is to change the future.  Black Lives Matter offers the here-and-now aspect of how Black Lives Matter which has always been missing from the story.  Instead, those stories unfold in history books or in movies long after the fact for obvious reasons.  Certainly, these types of things are not new.  What is new is realizing how broken society is and that the culture has to change. The next common thread is the skill with which these groups utilize technology, social networks and artistic media to work together towards a common goal.  The potential to complement each other is tremendous. If Black lives do not count or matter, it is very much like slavery.  People who were believed to be valueless and therefore mistreated in that vein.  The most important common thread between Black Lives Matter and Afrofuturism is the goal to dissuade racism and white supremacy.  And, to further, contradict those that, while not admitting it out loud, believe that Black people have no soul so it is okay to rape them, hang them, murder them, emasculate them, and torture them.  It was okay to do all of those things because they were thought of as being soulless and of no essential or true value beyond what monetary price they could bring. Another myth that in the past has been difficult to dispel and may have a better chance to dissipating is that of the belier that racism is no longer a factor, especially in the United States because a black President was elected.  People may think that this signals a quasi-release from any further responsibility for injustice in our society based on racism.  The fact is that while we have a black, there are many ways Obama and his family were disrespected further making the case for racism.  Even a perfunctory review of history demonstrates that no other President has been disrespected or disregarded like President Obama. The coalition of Black Lives Matter broadens the conversation around state violence to include all of the ways in which Black people are intentionally left powerless at the hands of the state, society and other individuals. To an extent, Black lives are deprived of basic human rights and dignity. Black poverty should be considered as violence or an assault. So, too, are 2.8 million Black people that are incarcerated the victims of a violent, oppressive condition.  Black Lives Matter brings those circumstances to the forefront and makes them relevant. Forgetting for the moment contributions made by Black people that are sometimes overlooked.  Society would have been deprived of a president.  Daniel Louis Armstrongs jazz and scat would never have been heard.  George Washington Carver would have never improved agriculture or invented adhesives and dyes.  Charles R. Drew would never have come up with the idea of blood banks and a system for preserving plasma long term.  W.E.B. Dubois would not have written Charlottes Web. Chicago may not have been founded if not for Jean-Baptiste-Point Du Sable.  William Henry Johnsons art would be nonexistent.  Martin Luther King, Jr., would be silent.  Contributions to the law and Supreme Court cases by Thurgood Marshall would be mute.  Elijah McCoy could not have improved the rail system or coined the phrase, The real Mccoy, meaning the best of the best.  Traffic signals and gas masks would go uninvented without Garrett Morgan.  If Rosa Parks did not get on the bus, this conv ersation may not be heard.  Mind blowing! Society can only make an educated guess on the number of contributions it missed because racism held back a talented black person or the contributions that the Black person killed by law enforcement may have contributed in his life.  Based on the black people that managed to break the bonds of racism to exhibit their talents, assumedly, society has missed out on millions of inventions, novels, songs, professionals, politicals, etc.  It is something that will never be known as there is no way to know which one of the black men sitting in prison may have invented the cure for leukemia.  This, for all intents and purposes, is part of the movement of Black Lives Matter and Afrofuturism.  A posit to realize the potential from within and without of the Black community.  A reminder that Black Lives Matter does not exist solely on the Black but on other oppressed groups such that it is the true belief that the most profound worth of the black man is that of every man that walks the earth.  Every single human being has potential.  The potential to contribute to the community, whether that community is diasporic or not; the potential to contribute to their own wellbeing and promotion whether in the name of culture, gender, ethnicity or sexual preference; and, the potential to matter. Just think for a moment of the results of forces joined between Afrofuturistics and Black Lives Matter members!  One would have the opportunity to exposure to Black history outside the white wash.  The other could contribute to changing the future by interacting with the real-time, present.  Or, science fiction creations could promulgate the future stories with real facts assimilated without any white washing.  Afrofuturism recovers the histories of counter futures created by hostile societies disapproving the diaspora that is Black.  Regardless Afrofuturistic individuals strive to redefine, translate, rework, restructure and then relate the future without the white-washed lens and based on what should have happened historically such that it could be repeated in the future (Eshun 301). The possibilities are limitless and that returns to the current definition of global Afrofuturism which contends that in this reframing (Science Fiction) of history and policy, those who are systematically oppressed are capable of transcending their less-than-desirable situation.  Nothing not even the sky is limiting.  (McNally 2). Works Cited African Diaspora Cultures | Oldways. Oldways. N.p., 2017. Web. 24 Mar. 2017. Day, Elizabeth. #Blacklivesmatter: The Birth Of A New Civil Rights Movement. the Guardian. N.p., 2017. Web. 24 Mar. 2017. Eshun, Kodwo. Further Considerations Of Afrofuturism. CR: The New Centennial Review 3.2 (2003): 287-302. Web. Huddleston, Kayla. Afrofuturism As Applied To Self-Perception: An Experimental Vignette. University of Washington (2016): n. pag. Print. McNally, Cayla. Fighting For The Freedom Of A Future Age: Afrofuturism And The Posthuman Body. Lehigh Preserve (2017): n. pag. Print. Priforce, Kalimah. Is Technologyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…  -à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…  A #Blacklivesmatter Superpower? Recognizing #Afrofuturism. Medium. N.p., 2017. Web. 24 Mar. 2017. What Is A Diaspora? | Idea. Diasporaalliance.org. N.p., 2017. Web. 24 Mar. 2017. Yaszek, Lisa. Race In Science Fiction: The Case Of Afrofuturism. A virtual introduction to science fiction 1 (2013): 1-11. Print.

Acquisition and Justification of Beliefs :: Psychology Access Internalism Essays

Bartleby is a lazy student who refuses to study simply because he would prefer not. Although his teacher, Mr. Smith, automatically assumes that Bartleby failed the final exam he just took, Mr. Smith could have reasoned that he has sufficient evidence to support his belief. Mr. Smith has seen that Bartleby shows little interest in the class, that he has poor study habits and has consistently failed all his previous exams, and that just about enough questions were incorrect on the portion of the exam that Mr. Smith did have time to grade to warrant a failing grade. But because final grades are due and Mr. Smith runs out of time to finish grading, he marks an ‘F’ on Bartleby’s test without actually calculating the score or even realizing that he has sufficient evidence to support his belief that Bartleby failed. Later, Mr. Smith comes to find out that his belief was true, thus once again confirming Mr. Smith’s time-tested bias that students who have failed in the past are perpetual failures. Was Mr. Smith’s belief justified? Intuitively, we would want to say that it isn’t, because his belief is grounded in, or caused by, his bias against Bartleby. The problem is that both rigidly Internalist, like Access Internalism, and rigidly Externalist accounts of justification, like Reliabilism, have difficulties with showing how bias can disqualify a seemingly justified belief. In what follows, I will use Matthias Steup’s account, â€Å"A Defense of Internalism†[1], to explain Access Internalism and then use the scenario just presented to show how the justificatory requirements of Access Internalism are incompatible with the findings of current psychological research on how most beliefs are actually acquired and justified. Next I will briefly discuss how a much weaker form of Internalism with an Externalist character, Psychological Internalism, can avoid the problems of Access Internalism, but at the cost of missing out on the main benefits of both strongly Internalist and strongly externalist theories. Next I will use Alvin Goldman’s article, â€Å"Reliabilism: What is Justified Belief?†[2] to explain the basic ideas of Reliabilist Externalism and again use the Bartleby situation to draw out the inconsistencies between the Reliabilist requirements of justification and our normative intuitions of what justification ought to be.

Valediction Forbidding Mourning

A Valediction Forbidding Mourning Analysis In the poem â€Å"A Valediction Forbidding Mourning†, by John Done, it is about a man who is saying goodbye to his lover as he is about to leave. Done is trying to make his departure easier for his lover so he writes her a poem. He uses many deferent literary elements to enrich his poem and make It more compelling to the reader. He uses onomatopoeia, syntax, euphemism, and similes to Inform the reader about his love. This helps the speaker compare his love to life like features to show how deeply he Is In love. Done first tells his lover that he will not be gone forever.He explains how â€Å"virtuous men pass mildly away. † What Done Is saying Is that his lover has to be able to accept the fact that he Is leaving. Just like someone has to accept death. In most cases people do not make the choice to die. It Is something that happens to everyone and there Is nothing to do to stop It. So overall, Done Is telling his lover that his exit Is going to happen. Done later explains to his lover how people are worried about the earth's rotation. He uses this connection to show how his lover does not have to worry. Done informs his lover how, workstation of the spheres,'Though greater far, is innocent. † In other words Done is saying that his lover fears him going away, but she shouldn't because he will return. What this meaner is that her worrying is pointless. She fears something that is naturally occurring. Her fear of him leaving is not worth worrying about because he will return. Done compares his love to gold in the 6th stanza. He states that their love is not â€Å"a breach, but an expansion. † The meaning of this is that their love will never fall apart, only expand. He Is saying that no matter how far they are away from each other, they will always e together.Done compares this to gold because when it is stretched it expands, it will not break. So he compares his love to this because their love will never break. In stanzas 7 and 8 Done compares his love to a compass. In the 7th stanza he explains how the soul, the fixed foot, makes no show/ to move, but doth, if the' other do. † The fixed foot of the compass stays in the center while the other one makes a circle around it. It doesn't matter how far apart they are, the two feet will always stay together. The axis in the middle is the force that holds their love together.Done also shows how it doesn't matter how far he is away from her. In stanza 8 Done describes how the feet of the compass are compared to him and his lover. When he Is talking about the feet he says how â€Å"It learns and hearkens it,' And grows erect, as that comes home. † What this is saying Is that she must stay at home and Walt while he â€Å"roams† around. But when he comes home she will be excited to see him. She has to know that since their love Is like a compass they will always be connected. That one day he will come home and th at they will be back together again. In this poem,Done starts out by explaining how he Is going to have to leave and that there Is nothing his lover can do about It. He compares this to how people pass away and that they don't have the choice. He tells her that worrying will be pointless and that It will not be worth It because In the end he will return. Done uses the example of how people worry about the earth's natural occurrences and how this is a waste of time. Always stick together. No matter how far one of the feet go, it will not break apart, Just like the gold. And in the end when he has completed his Journey, he will return back to her.

Critical Thinking Essay - 938 Words

AMBA 610: Critical Thinking Assignment Simon neil Corporate Solutions Memo To: Mr. Ldo Perdra (CEO, SSCS) From: Mr. Augustin (Vice-President of Human Resources) CC: None (Confidential) Date: March 18, 2012 Re: Leadership-Development Programs This is in response to your request for our office to evaluate the merit of Ms. Mitchell’s proposal that we establish and fund a new leadership-development program for our high-potential fourth-year associates. 1.0 Background At the 2012 year-end senior-management offsite, the director of operations suggested that Simpson Seiler Corporate Solutions (SSCS) establish a leadership-development program to prepare our high-potential fourth-year associates for future advancement into†¦show more content†¦Winston Churchill, Mother Theresa, Martin Luther King, Jr. – all possessed such leadership traits as ambition, self-confidence, and intelligence. These cannot be learned; they are innate. Two well-respected research studies that support the notion that personality traits can predict leadership were published in the Journal of Applied Psychology and in the Leadership Quarterly. In my own experience, I’ve also noted that a tall physical stature is possessed by leaders. Certainly no one can increase his or her height--it is determined by genetics. Note the heights of some of the greatest leaders in United States history in the table, below. Table 1 Leader Height George Washington 6’ 2.5† Abraham Lincoln 6’ 4.0† John F. Kennedy 6’ 1.0† Ronald Reagan 6’ 0.0† Colin Powell 6’ 2.0† Barack Obama 6 1.5 Source: http://www.laughtergeneology.com , http://www.imdb.com and http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1682433/bio In fact, all members of your senior staff are over six feet tall with one exception: Ms. Margaret Mitchell, the person advocating leadership-development training. Moreover, I am suspicious of her intentions. Is it possible that she may covet my position as the human resources VP? Or is she motivated by the liberal notion that all citizens of a free nation have the right to pursue education and can achieve anything they desire? I suspect she is motivated by both personal gain and bleeding-heart liberal intentions. Once weShow MoreRelatedCritical Thinking And Critical Thinking753 Words   |  4 Pagesaway from the normal. We begin the critical thought process of thinking outside the box. Critical thinking is the process of evaluating your decisions, providing positive or negative feedback, and researching conclusions. At the point when used correctly, it reduces the issue of complacency in how we carry on with everyday activities. 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